Readings
- Paul Woodruff, "The Life and Death of Democracy" from First Democracy
- Plato, Apology
- Plato, Crito
- Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 1 (selections)
- Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 2 (selections)
- John Locke, Second Treatise (selections)
- Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary (selections)
- Denis Diderot, Encyclopedia (selections). For additional Encyclopedia entries, see The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert at the University of Michigan.