GEOLOGY 350: HYDROGEOLOGY

SPRING 2006

 

 

Instructor                    Dr. Ben Laabs; Nobel 131; x7442; Email, blaabs@gustavus.edu;

                                    Office Hours: 10:30 – 11:30 am MWF, or by appointment

 

Lecture                       9:00 – 9:50, MWF, Nobel 125 (NOTE THE ROOM CHANGE)

 

Lab                              2:30 – 5:20, W, Nobel 126

 

Textbook                    Fetter, C.W., 2001, Applied Hydrogeology, 4th Edition.

 

Prerequisites              GEO-111, MCS-121 or equivalents

 

DESCRIPTION AND GOALS

GENERAL INFORMATION

COURSE POLICIES

LECTURE AND LAB SCHEDULE

 

COURSE DESCRIPTION AND GOALS

 

Hydrogeology is the study of the interaction of geologic materials with water.  Geology 350 focuses on the ground water component of the hydrologic cycle, characteristics of aquifers, and applications of hydrogeology to current issues of water rights and water quality.  Lab exercises and problem sets involve determining physical properties of aquifers through graphical and mathematical techniques, characterization of ground-water flow in watersheds, geologic studies of Minnesota watersheds, and field-based studies of a local watershed. 

 

By the end of the semester, you should have a fundamental understanding of Earth’s hydrologic cycle and the importance of ground-water movement within this system.  Lab exercises will help you enhance your ability to view watersheds in three dimensions and understand how topography and sub-surface stratigraphy influence ground-water flow on the local and regional scale.  You should be able to recognize and perform a variety of techniques used for determining physical properties of aquifers, and utilize such properties to characterize ground-water flow. 

 

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT HYDROGEOLOGY

 

Water is the most consumed and most vital natural resource of our planet; thus, it is not surprising that a vast number of working geoscientists are hydrogeologists.  A hydrogeologist focuses in the interrelationship of water and earth materials, often in the context of the physical movement or the chemistry of ground water, or both.  This requires knowledge of geology, physics (and therefore mathematics), chemistry, statistics, and data analysis.  Computer programming experience is also useful.  If you wish to become a professional hydrogeologist, you will need to develop your skills beyond this course.  Although experienced-based knowledge can be gained through an internship or entry-level work with an engineering firm or government agency, pursuing a master’s degree in hydrogeology will allow you to enhance your knowledge of other sciences and improve your writing skills.  If you wish to pursue research in hydrogeology, post-graduate education is essential.  If you would like more information on becoming a professional hydrogeologist, please feel free to stop by my office to talk about career and/or research options.

 

COURSE POLICIES

 

Given the small size of this class, I expect that the lecture and lab environments will be informal but learning intensive.  If you cannot attend a lecture or lab, please let me know (email: blaabs@gustavus.edu or phone: x7442).  During lectures, ask questions at any time and TAKE NOTES.  Although many lectures will be presented and available to you in PowerPoint, I will only use it for illustrations and outlines.  Take notes, read the textbook, and ask questions to obtain all the information you need to be successful in this course. 

 

Lectures: Be prepared by showing up on time, with a positive attitude and current on reading assignments. 

 

Labs: During labs, there will be plenty of time for you to ask questions on lecture material; I encourage you to take advantage of this.  Some lab sessions can be used as “work periods” for working on labs and problem sets, so I encourage you to attend all lab sessions to work efficiently on your assignments and to ask questions.  BRING A CALCULATOR.  Due dates for lab assignments and problem sets are firm and will be listed at the top of each assignment.  Points will be deducted for lateness unless you contact me prior to the due date.  You will notice below that labs are worth a significant portion of your final grade; in fact, if you fail the lab portion, you will fail the course!  This policy supercedes the grading scheme below.

 

Exams: There are two semester exams.  They will cover material presented in lectures and reading assignments.  The final exam is cumulative, but will focus on material covered after the second exam.  Exam questions will consist of problems, short answer and multiple-choice questions.  BRING A CALCULATOR. 

 

Field Trip: We will visit a set of monitoring wells in 7-Mile Creek Park during one or two lab sessions in April to measure water levels and study the geology of the watershed. 

 

Outside Reading: You will be assigned 2 journal articles and USGS reports on topics in hydrogeology to read throughout the semester.  Each reading assignment will be on a different aquifer in Minnesota or elsewhere in the upper Midwest, and you will submit a summary of the main points of each report.  I will give you a recommended guide for writing your summaries.

 

Grading: Your final grade will be determined by:

 

            Two semester exams:                            30% (15% each)

            Final exam:                                           25%

            Labs and problem sets:                          45%

 

Again, note that your performance on labs and problem sets is crucial to your success in this course.  Accordingly, I encourage you to ask questions! 

SCHEDULE

 

CHECK THIS URL FOR FREQUENT UPDATES: http://homepages.gac.edu/~blaabs/hydro_06/syllabus.htm

 

 

DATE

LECTURE/LAB

FETTER and/or JOURNAL

Feb 6

Introduction and overview

 

Feb 8

Hydrologic cycle and water budgets

LAB 1: Dimension analysis and water budget

Chapter 1 (p. 1-11, 16-22), Chapter 2 (p. 24-42)

Feb 10

Water budgets – data collection and analysis

 

 

Problem set 1: Chapters 1 and 2

 

 

 

 

Feb 13

Sediment classification, porosity

Chapter 3 (p. 66-81)

Feb 15

Porosity and specific yield (lecture given in lab)

Permeability (“Geology” in Hydrogeology)

LAB 2: Sediment classification, porosity

 

Feb 17

No lecture (work on lab 2 and problem set)

 

 

 

 

Feb 20

Darcy’s law, hydraulic head and conductivity

Chapter 3 (p. 81-93)

Feb 22

Darcy’s law, hydraulic conductivity, aquifer types and storage

Measuring conductivity of materials

LAB 3: Hydraulic conductivity of materials

 

Feb 24

No lecture (work on lab 3 and problem set)

 

 

 

 

Feb 27

No lecture (work on lab 3 and problem set)

 

Mar 1

Aquifer characteristics

LAB 4: Visualizing ground water flow

Problem set 2: Chapters 3 and 4

Chapter 3 (p. 93-98)

Mar 3

Water table and hydraulic head

Chapter 3 (p. 100-106, 98-99, 107-108)

 

 

 

Mar 6

Potentiometric surface and hydraulic gradient

 

Mar 8

EXAM 1

LAB 5: The Davis Basin I

 

Mar 10

Exam review, Hydraulic head in terms of energy (see ppt on 3/15)

Chapter 4 (p. 113-118)

 

 

 

Mar 13

Snow day

 

Mar 15

Hydraulic head in terms of energy

LAB 6: The Davis Basin II

Chapter 4 (p. 121-125)

Mar 17

Ground water flow equations

Chapter 4 (p. 125-131)

 

 

 

Mar 20

Ground water flow equations (see 3/17 ppt)

Chapter 4 (p. 138-146)

Mar 22

Ground water flow solutions: flow nets

LAB 7: Flow nets

Chapter 4 (p. 132-138)

Mar 24

Aquifer tests: Thiem solution

Chapter 5 (p. 150-153, 166-169)

 

 

 

SPRING BREAK (March 25 – April 2)

 

 

 

Apr 3

Aquifer tests: Thiem and Theis

Chapter 5 (p. 153-156, 169-173)

Apr 5

Aquifer tests: Theis type curve, Cooper-Jacob,

LAB 8: Pump tests – case studies

Chapter 5 (p. 173-176, 210-213)

Apr 7

Aquifer tests: Hantush-Jacob and summary

Chapter 5 (p. 208-209)

 

Problem set 3: Chapters 5 and 7

 

 

 

 

Apr 10

Hydrogeologic boundaries

Chapter 5 (p. 190-205)

Apr 12

Slug tests

LAB 9: Slug tests – case studies

 

Apr 14

NO LECTURE

 

 

 

 

Apr 17

NO LECTURE

 

Apr 19

Regional ground water flow

LAB 10: The 7-Mile Creek Watershed (FIELD TRIP)

Chapter 7 (p. 236-244, 248-278)

Apr 21

Regional ground water flow (same ppt as 4/19)

 

 

 

 

Apr 24

EXAM 2

 

Apr 26

Hydrostratigraphy of SE Minnesota

LAB 11: The County Well Index

Journal reading

Apr 28

No lecture

Journal reading

 

 

 

May 1

Aquifers of the upper Midwest

 

May 3

Water chemistry

LAB 12: Water chemistry

Chapter 9 (p. 346-361, p. 373-377)

May 5

Water chemistry (same ppt as 5/3)

 

 

 

 

May 8

Contamination

Chapter 10 (p. 415-426)

May 10

Contamination

No Lab

 

May 12

No Lecture

 

 

Problem set 4: Chapter 13

 

 

 

 

May 15

Ground water flow models

Chapter 13 (p. 513-533)

May 17

Models and Review

 

FINAL EXAM: Monday, May 22nd, 24-hour take home exam