The last exam will be on Saturday, May 22, from 3:30 to 5:30. You will have the whole two hour period, but you shouldn't need much more than one hour (if that long) since this is designed to be the equivalent of one of the midterms. I will provide the "blue books" for your answers.

Part 1. Objective ("ID") section: This section of the exam will be once again be worth only 20% of the exam grade. You will have a substantial menu of choices (more than on previous exams), but you will still only have to identify three items. The choices will be some names, some events and some quotes. There will not be anything from the French Revolution chapter after 1791.

Part 2. Analytical (essay) section: You will have to write 2 essays; each will be worth 40% of the grade. You will have 4 essay questions from which to choose. What you will find below are the topics that you should be able to address, but not the specific essay questions. Be prepared to discuss the following, making sure that you use the textbook as well as class lectures and discussions:

• The contrast between England and France, 1640ish to 1791. What was the difference between their forms of government in the period c.1648 to 1715? Why did they develop such different types of monarchy? In the late 1700s, England was embarking on an Industrial Revolution while France was beginning a political revolution. What were the causes, and why did these two countries take such different paths in the late 1700s? [This is a big topic. I would not ask about all of it in one exam question, but I might ask two separate questions based on this one study theme.]
• Absolutism. What was absolutism? What wasn't it? How is Enlightened Absolutism similar to and different from the standard form of absolutism? Who were some successful and unsuccessful absolutists? What do their examples tell us about what it took to make absolutism work?
• Women and Jews. Although women were a statistical majority of the population and Jews a small minority, both were subordinate groups in early modern society. What were the main issues affecting their social situations during this period? Were there any improvements in their rights and status during the period? What effect did the Enlightenment have on them?
• The Enlightenment. What was it? What wasn't it? What are some of the most influential ideas that are associated with it? Why is it considered significant? How is it related to Enlightened Absolutism?