However, the surface designs and techniques for decorating the bags changed in the later part of the 19th century. Loom-beaded geometric shapes were frequently replaced by spot-stitched florals.

     The introduction of floral patterns may have resulted from the cultural interaction between Native Americans and Europeans. As early as the 17th century, Ursuline nuns in Quebec taught European style embroidery to their Native American neighbors. Nonetheless, floral designs also represented concepts integral to the relationship of Ojibwe peoples with their natural environment. Bandolier bags with floral designs reflect the cycle of life that is the heart of the traditional Great Lakes/Woodlands philosophy. The stem, flower and seed are all tied to the natural world and symbolize its sacredness. While seeming naturalistic, the floral designs reveal the inventiveness of each artist. For example, maple leaves are shown with flowers and berries, and leaf veins are often picked out in contrasting colors. While increasing the marketability of Ojibwe handiwork to Victorian consumers, floral beadwork also expressed beliefs inherent to its makers.

Text by Erin Dinsmore